North Dakota Minimum Age Requirements & Child Labor Laws

North Dakota enforces specific child labor laws to protect minors in the workforce, ensuring their employment does not interfere with their education or well-being. These laws encompass age restrictions, work permits, limitations on working hours, and restrictions on certain occupations.​

Does North Dakota Have Age Requirements That Differ from Federal Laws?

North Dakota’s child labor laws generally align with federal regulations but include additional provisions to further protect minors. For instance, while federal law sets the minimum employment age at 14 for non-agricultural jobs, North Dakota requires all minors aged 14 and 15 to obtain an Employment and Age Certificate before starting work. 

What is the Legal Age to Work in North Dakota?

In North Dakota, the minimum age for employment in non-agricultural jobs is 14. However, exceptions exist for certain roles, such as farm labor, domestic service, or employment under the direct supervision of a parent, guardian, or grandparent. 

Are There Any Requirements or Permits for Employers to Hire Minors in North Dakota?

Yes, employers must obtain an Employment and Age Certificate for minors aged 14 and 15 before they begin work. The process involves the employer, the minor, and the minor’s parent or guardian completing and signing the certificate. The employer must verify the youth’s age, proposed job duties, and any restrictions. The completed certificate must be kept on file by the employer. 

Are There Any Industries or Occupations That Have Different Minimum Age Requirements in North Dakota?

Yes, North Dakota law prohibits minors under 18 from working in certain hazardous occupations, including:​

• Occupations involving exposure to toxic and hazardous substances.​
• Operating or assisting in operating power-driven machinery.​
• Working in establishments that serve alcohol for consumption on the premises.​

Additionally, minors under 16 are restricted from working in occupations deemed dangerous to their health or welfare, such as those involving exposure to radioactive substances or ionizing radiation. ​

Are There Different Age Requirements for Employment in Cities or Municipalities Across North Dakota?

No, North Dakota’s child labor laws are enforced uniformly across the state, with no variations in minimum age requirements between different cities or municipalities.​

Does North Dakota Have Child Labor Laws That Differ from Federal Child Labor Laws?

While North Dakota’s child labor laws generally align with federal regulations, the state imposes additional requirements, such as the necessity of obtaining Employment and Age Certificates for minors aged 14 and 15 and specific working hour limitations for different age groups. 

Are There Hours of Work Requirements for Minors in North Dakota?

Yes, North Dakota has specific regulations governing the working hours of minors:​

• Minors Aged 14 and 15:
  • No more than 3 hours per day on school days.​
  • No more than 8 hours per day on non-school days.​
  • No more than 18 hours per week when school is in session.​
  • No more than 40 hours per week when school is not in session.​
  • Work hours must be between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. (extended to 9 p.m. from June 1 through Labor Day). ​
• Minors Aged 16 and 17:
  • No specific hour restrictions under North Dakota law.​

What Requirements Are There for Employment During School Hours in North Dakota?

Minors under 16 years of age are generally not permitted to work during hours when public schools are in session. Exceptions include minors who have been excused from attendance by school officials, students in alternative education plans that include work experience, or students in approved vocational cooperative education programs. ​

What Other Requirements Are There for Employing Minors in North Dakota?

Employers in North Dakota must adhere to additional requirements when employing minors:​

• Recordkeeping: Employers must keep accurate records of each minor’s Employment and Age Certificate and proof of age to demonstrate compliance with North Dakota labor laws. ​
• Meal Breaks: Minors must be given a 30-minute meal break after five consecutive hours of work. Breaks of less than 30 minutes do not count as an interruption of continuous work. ​

Conclusion

North Dakota’s child labor laws are designed to protect minors by regulating their employment conditions. With specific working hour limitations, restrictions on hazardous occupations, and requirements for Employment and Age Certificates, these laws help ensure that minors are employed in safe, age-appropriate roles. Employers must comply with both state and federal regulations to foster lawful and supportive work environments that promote the well-being and educational development of young workers in North Dakota.